{
 "id": "nikon-electronic-file",
 "name": "Nikon Electronic File",
 "category": "image",
 "identifiers": {
  "extensions": [
   "nef"
  ],
  "mime": [
   "image/x-nikon-nef",
   "image/x-raw-nikon"
  ],
  "puid": [
   "fmt/202"
  ],
  "wikidata": [
   "Q3341814"
  ]
 },
 "status": "writable",
 "summary": "raw image format",
 "tools": [
  {
   "name": "ImageMagick",
   "url": "https://imagemagick.org",
   "license": "ImageMagick License",
   "open_source": true,
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false
  },
  {
   "name": "Abydos",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133445760",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "GNU Lesser General Public License",
   "open_source": true
  },
  {
   "name": "ACDSee",
   "url": "https://www.acdsee.com",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "proprietary license"
  },
  {
   "name": "Adobe Camera Raw",
   "url": "http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/cameraraw.html",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false
  },
  {
   "name": "Adobe Photoshop Elements",
   "url": "http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop-elements.html",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false
  },
  {
   "name": "Adobe Photoshop Elements 3.0",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117187342",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false
  },
  {
   "name": "Capture NX",
   "url": "http://www.nikon.fr/fr_FR/product/software/capture-nx-d",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true
  },
  {
   "name": "Converseen",
   "url": "https://converseen.fasterland.net/",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "GNU General Public License, version 3.0",
   "open_source": true
  },
  {
   "name": "ExifTool",
   "url": "https://exiftool.org/",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "Artistic License / GNU General Public License, version 1.0 or later",
   "open_source": true
  },
  {
   "name": "Fast Picture Viewer",
   "url": "http://www.fastpictureviewer.com",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false
  },
  {
   "name": "FastStone Image Viewer 5.2",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112767622",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false
  },
  {
   "name": "ImageVerifier",
   "url": "https://basepath.com/site/detail-ImageVerifier.php",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false
  },
  {
   "name": "IrfanView",
   "url": "https://www.irfanview.com/",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "freeware"
  },
  {
   "name": "libexiv2",
   "url": "https://exiv2.org/",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": true,
   "license": "GNU General Public License, version 2.0 or later",
   "open_source": true
  },
  {
   "name": "LibRaw",
   "url": "https://www.libraw.org/",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "Common Development and Distribution License version 1.0 / GNU Lesser General Public License, version 2.1",
   "open_source": true
  },
  {
   "name": "MediaRich Server",
   "url": "https://equilibrium.com/mediarichserver/",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false
  },
  {
   "name": "Microsoft Photos",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26328552",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "Microsoft end-user license agreement"
  },
  {
   "name": "PaintShop Photo Pro X3",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122675173",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false
  },
  {
   "name": "PaintShop Pro X4",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110977057",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false
  },
  {
   "name": "PaintShop Pro X6 Ultimate",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113679458",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false
  },
  {
   "name": "Photopea",
   "url": "https://www.photopea.com/",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false
  },
  {
   "name": "PhotoRec",
   "url": "http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/PhotoRec",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "GNU General Public License",
   "open_source": true
  },
  {
   "name": "Photorecovery",
   "url": "https://lc-tech.com/help/PhotoRecovery/English/index.html",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false
  },
  {
   "name": "PicaJet",
   "url": "http://picajet.com/",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "freeware"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q122522973",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122522973",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false
  },
  {
   "name": "Q1936840",
   "url": "https://www.darktable.org/",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false
  },
  {
   "name": "Q472277",
   "url": "https://www.faststone.org/FSViewerDetail.htm",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "freeware"
  },
  {
   "name": "Zoner Photo Studio",
   "url": "http://www.zoner.com",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": true
  }
 ],
 "projects": [
  {
   "name": "Wikidata Q3341814",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3341814",
   "kind": "wiki"
  },
  {
   "name": "File Formats Wiki",
   "url": "http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/Nikon",
   "kind": "wiki"
  }
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "sources": [
   "converters",
   "wikidata"
  ]
 },
 "updated": "2026-10-20",
 "conversions": [
  {
   "to": "portable-network-graphics",
   "tool": "ImageMagick",
   "command": "convert in.nef out.png",
   "fidelity": "lossless",
   "losses": "Pixels kept; some metadata, colour profiles or layers may be dropped.",
   "url": "https://imagemagick.org"
  },
  {
   "to": "tagged-image-file-format",
   "tool": "ImageMagick",
   "command": "convert in.nef out.tif",
   "fidelity": "lossless",
   "losses": "Pixels kept; some metadata, colour profiles or layers may be dropped.",
   "url": "https://imagemagick.org"
  },
  {
   "to": "jpeg-file-interchange-format-1-02",
   "tool": "ImageMagick",
   "command": "convert in.nef out.jpg",
   "fidelity": "lossy",
   "losses": "Lossy compression.",
   "url": "https://imagemagick.org"
  },
  {
   "to": "webp",
   "tool": "ImageMagick",
   "command": "convert in.nef out.webp",
   "fidelity": "lossy",
   "losses": "Lossy compression.",
   "url": "https://imagemagick.org"
  },
  {
   "to": "gif",
   "tool": "ImageMagick",
   "command": "convert in.nef out.gif",
   "fidelity": "lossy",
   "losses": "Reduced to 256 colours.",
   "url": "https://imagemagick.org"
  }
 ],
 "aliases": [],
 "structure": [],
 "parsers": [],
 "samples": [],
 "claims": [],
 "verification": []
}