{
 "id": "digital-negative-format-dng-1-2",
 "name": "Digital Negative Format (DNG)",
 "family": "digital-negative-file-format-family",
 "category": "image",
 "identifiers": {
  "extensions": [
   "dng"
  ],
  "mime": [
   "image/dng"
  ],
  "puid": [
   "fmt/437"
  ],
  "wikidata": [
   "Q27866061"
  ],
  "magic": [
   {
    "offset": 0,
    "hex": "49492a00",
    "notes": "DNG 1.2 (little-endian, BOF)"
   },
   {
    "offset": 0,
    "hex": "4d4d002a",
    "notes": "DNG 1.2 (big-endian, BOF)"
   }
  ],
  "signatures": [
   {
    "name": "DNG 1.2 (little-endian, BOF)",
    "sequences": [
     {
      "position": "bof",
      "offset": 0,
      "pattern": "49492a00{0-4080}12c601000400000001020000"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "name": "DNG 1.2 (little-endian, BOF+EOF)",
    "sequences": [
     {
      "position": "bof",
      "offset": 0,
      "pattern": "49492a00"
     },
     {
      "position": "eof",
      "offset": 0,
      "max_offset": 128000,
      "pattern": "12c601000400000001020000"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "name": "DNG 1.2 (big-endian, BOF)",
    "sequences": [
     {
      "position": "bof",
      "offset": 0,
      "pattern": "4d4d002a{0-4080}c61200010000000401020000"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "name": "DNG 1.2 (big-endian, BOF+EOF)",
    "sequences": [
     {
      "position": "bof",
      "offset": 0,
      "pattern": "4d4d002a"
     },
     {
      "position": "eof",
      "offset": 0,
      "max_offset": 128000,
      "pattern": "c61200010000000401020000"
     }
    ]
   }
  ],
  "priority_over": [
   "x-fmt/387",
   "x-fmt/388",
   "x-fmt/399",
   "fmt/154",
   "fmt/202",
   "fmt/353"
  ]
 },
 "status": "unknown",
 "summary": "The Digital Negative (DNG) Specification describes a non-proprietary file format for storing camera raw files that can be used by a wide range of hardware and software vendors. DNG is an extension of the TIFF 6.0 format, and is compatible with the TIFF-EP standard. This version, published May 2008, was based on experience and feedback from other companies about DNG since its launch. It introduced many new features, especially several new options for colour specification under the general heading of \"Camera Profiles\". These are mainly of value to software products wanting their own flavour of colour handling. This version permits administrative control of Camera Profiles, including calibration signatures and copyright information.",
 "projects": [
  {
   "name": "PRONOM fmt/437",
   "url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/PRONOM/fmt/437",
   "kind": "format-doc"
  },
  {
   "name": "Wikidata Q27866061",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27866061",
   "kind": "wiki"
  }
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "sources": [
   "pronom",
   "wikidata"
  ]
 },
 "updated": "2026-10-20",
 "version": "1.2",
 "aliases": [],
 "structure": [],
 "parsers": [],
 "tools": [
  {
   "name": "ImageMagick",
   "url": "https://imagemagick.org",
   "license": "ImageMagick License",
   "open_source": true,
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "ImageMagick (WebAssembly)",
   "url": "https://github.com/dlemstra/magick-wasm",
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "open_source": true,
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Abydos",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133445760",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "GNU Lesser General Public License",
   "open_source": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "ACDSee",
   "url": "https://www.acdsee.com",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "proprietary license",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Adobe Camera Raw",
   "url": "http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/cameraraw.html",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Adobe Photoshop Elements",
   "url": "http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop-elements.html",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Adobe Photoshop Lightroom",
   "url": "https://www.adobe.com/au/products/photoshop-lightroom.html",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "license": "shareware",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 2",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121463343",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Affinity Photo",
   "url": "https://affinity.serif.com/de/photo/",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Converseen",
   "url": "https://converseen.fasterland.net/",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "GNU General Public License, version 3.0",
   "open_source": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Corel Photo-Paint",
   "url": "http://apps.corel.com/int/ru/",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "proprietary license",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "DaVinci Resolve",
   "url": "https://blackmagicdesign.com/products/davinciresolve",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "freeware / proprietary license",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "dcraw",
   "url": "https://dechifro.org/dcraw/",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "GNU General Public License, version 2.0 / donationware",
   "open_source": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "DJI Zenmuse X3",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111632143",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "DJI Zenmuse X4S",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111632140",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "DJI Zenmuse X5",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111632142",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "DJI Zenmuse X5R",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111632141",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "ExifTool",
   "url": "https://exiftool.org/",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "Artistic License / GNU General Public License, version 1.0 or later",
   "open_source": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "F-Spot",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q948619",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "GNU General Public License / MIT License",
   "open_source": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Fast Picture Viewer",
   "url": "http://www.fastpictureviewer.com",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "FastStone Image Viewer 5.2",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112767622",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "GIMP",
   "url": "https://gimp.org",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "GNU General Public License, version 3.0",
   "open_source": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "GraphicConverter",
   "url": "https://www.lemkesoft.de/produkte/graphicconverter/",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Helicon Focus",
   "url": "https://www.heliconsoft.com/",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "ImageVerifier",
   "url": "https://basepath.com/site/detail-ImageVerifier.php",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "IrfanView",
   "url": "https://www.irfanview.com/",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "freeware",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Krita",
   "url": "https://krita.org",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "GNU General Public License, version 3.0",
   "open_source": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "libexiv2",
   "url": "https://exiv2.org/",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": true,
   "license": "GNU General Public License, version 2.0 or later",
   "open_source": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "LibRaw",
   "url": "https://www.libraw.org/",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "Common Development and Distribution License version 1.0 / GNU Lesser General Public License, version 2.1",
   "open_source": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "MediaRich Server",
   "url": "https://equilibrium.com/mediarichserver/",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Microsoft Photos",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26328552",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "Microsoft end-user license agreement",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "PaintShop Photo Pro X3",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122675173",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "PaintShop Pro",
   "url": "http://www.corel.com/paintshoppro",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "proprietary license",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "PaintShop Pro X4",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110977057",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Pentax MX-1",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18387553",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Photopea",
   "url": "https://www.photopea.com/",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "PhotoRec",
   "url": "http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/PhotoRec",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "GNU General Public License",
   "open_source": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "PicaJet",
   "url": "http://picajet.com/",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "freeware",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q111632138",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111632138",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q111632139",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111632139",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q122522973",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122522973",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q129793",
   "url": "https://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop.html",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "shareware",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q133886275",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133886275",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q133889484",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133889484",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q135902494",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135902494",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q135981992",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135981992",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q138339198",
   "url": "https://www.insta360.com/product/insta360-x5",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q138752551",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138752551",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q138752552",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138752552",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q138752553",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138752553",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q138773663",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138773663",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q138773675",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138773675",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q138795430",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138795430",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q138795431",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138795431",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q138795432",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138795432",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q138807615",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138807615",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q138807962",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138807962",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q138808106",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138808106",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q138823473",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138823473",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q138823475",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138823475",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q138824302",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138824302",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q138824303",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138824303",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q139603645",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139603645",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q139603758",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139603758",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q139603759",
   "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139603759",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q141249415",
   "url": "https://www.insta360.com/product/insta360-x6",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q141647660",
   "url": "https://getartcraft.com/apps/lightcraft",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "Apache Software License 2.0 / MIT License",
   "open_source": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q1936840",
   "url": "https://www.darktable.org/",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Q472277",
   "url": "https://www.faststone.org/FSViewerDetail.htm",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "freeware",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Siril",
   "url": "https://siril.org",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "UFRaw",
   "url": "http://ufraw.sourceforge.net/",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": false,
   "license": "GNU General Public License",
   "open_source": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Zeiss ZX1",
   "url": "https://www.zeiss.com/consumer-products/us/photography/zx1.html",
   "reads": false,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "name": "Zoner Photo Studio",
   "url": "http://www.zoner.com",
   "reads": true,
   "writes": true,
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  }
 ],
 "conversions": [
  {
   "to": "portable-network-graphics",
   "tool": "ImageMagick",
   "command": "convert in.dng out.png",
   "fidelity": "lossless",
   "losses": "Pixels kept; some metadata, colour profiles or layers may be dropped.",
   "url": "https://imagemagick.org",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "to": "tagged-image-file-format",
   "tool": "ImageMagick",
   "command": "convert in.dng out.tif",
   "fidelity": "lossless",
   "losses": "Pixels kept; some metadata, colour profiles or layers may be dropped.",
   "url": "https://imagemagick.org",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "to": "jpeg-file-interchange-format-1-02",
   "tool": "ImageMagick",
   "command": "convert in.dng out.jpg",
   "fidelity": "lossy",
   "losses": "Lossy compression.",
   "url": "https://imagemagick.org",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "to": "webp",
   "tool": "ImageMagick",
   "command": "convert in.dng out.webp",
   "fidelity": "lossy",
   "losses": "Lossy compression.",
   "url": "https://imagemagick.org",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "to": "gif",
   "tool": "ImageMagick",
   "command": "convert in.dng out.gif",
   "fidelity": "lossy",
   "losses": "Reduced to 256 colours.",
   "url": "https://imagemagick.org",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "to": "portable-network-graphics",
   "tool": "ImageMagick (WebAssembly)",
   "command": "In the browser at https://openformatdb.org/convert/, or convert_file in the OpenFormatDB MCP server",
   "fidelity": "partial",
   "losses": "Demosaiced with default settings: raw sensor data and editing latitude are lost.",
   "url": "https://openformatdb.org/convert/",
   "engine": "imagemagick",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "to": "jpeg-file-interchange-format-1-02",
   "tool": "ImageMagick (WebAssembly)",
   "command": "In the browser at https://openformatdb.org/convert/, or convert_file in the OpenFormatDB MCP server",
   "fidelity": "partial",
   "losses": "Demosaiced with default settings: raw sensor data and editing latitude are lost.",
   "url": "https://openformatdb.org/convert/",
   "engine": "imagemagick",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "to": "webp",
   "tool": "ImageMagick (WebAssembly)",
   "command": "In the browser at https://openformatdb.org/convert/, or convert_file in the OpenFormatDB MCP server",
   "fidelity": "partial",
   "losses": "Demosaiced with default settings: raw sensor data and editing latitude are lost.",
   "url": "https://openformatdb.org/convert/",
   "engine": "imagemagick",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "to": "av1-image-file-format",
   "tool": "ImageMagick (WebAssembly)",
   "command": "In the browser at https://openformatdb.org/convert/, or convert_file in the OpenFormatDB MCP server",
   "fidelity": "partial",
   "losses": "Demosaiced with default settings: raw sensor data and editing latitude are lost.",
   "url": "https://openformatdb.org/convert/",
   "engine": "imagemagick",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "to": "jpeg-xl",
   "tool": "ImageMagick (WebAssembly)",
   "command": "In the browser at https://openformatdb.org/convert/, or convert_file in the OpenFormatDB MCP server",
   "fidelity": "partial",
   "losses": "Demosaiced with default settings: raw sensor data and editing latitude are lost.",
   "url": "https://openformatdb.org/convert/",
   "engine": "imagemagick",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "to": "gif",
   "tool": "ImageMagick (WebAssembly)",
   "command": "In the browser at https://openformatdb.org/convert/, or convert_file in the OpenFormatDB MCP server",
   "fidelity": "partial",
   "losses": "Demosaiced with default settings: raw sensor data and editing latitude are lost.",
   "url": "https://openformatdb.org/convert/",
   "engine": "imagemagick",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "to": "tagged-image-file-format",
   "tool": "ImageMagick (WebAssembly)",
   "command": "In the browser at https://openformatdb.org/convert/, or convert_file in the OpenFormatDB MCP server",
   "fidelity": "partial",
   "losses": "Demosaiced with default settings: raw sensor data and editing latitude are lost.",
   "url": "https://openformatdb.org/convert/",
   "engine": "imagemagick",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "to": "windows-bitmap",
   "tool": "ImageMagick (WebAssembly)",
   "command": "In the browser at https://openformatdb.org/convert/, or convert_file in the OpenFormatDB MCP server",
   "fidelity": "partial",
   "losses": "Demosaiced with default settings: raw sensor data and editing latitude are lost.",
   "url": "https://openformatdb.org/convert/",
   "engine": "imagemagick",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "to": "icon-file-format",
   "tool": "ImageMagick (WebAssembly)",
   "command": "In the browser at https://openformatdb.org/convert/, or convert_file in the OpenFormatDB MCP server",
   "fidelity": "partial",
   "losses": "Demosaiced with default settings: raw sensor data and editing latitude are lost.",
   "url": "https://openformatdb.org/convert/",
   "engine": "imagemagick",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "to": "quite-ok-image-format",
   "tool": "ImageMagick (WebAssembly)",
   "command": "In the browser at https://openformatdb.org/convert/, or convert_file in the OpenFormatDB MCP server",
   "fidelity": "partial",
   "losses": "Demosaiced with default settings: raw sensor data and editing latitude are lost.",
   "url": "https://openformatdb.org/convert/",
   "engine": "imagemagick",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  },
  {
   "to": "pdf",
   "tool": "ImageMagick (WebAssembly)",
   "command": "In the browser at https://openformatdb.org/convert/, or convert_file in the OpenFormatDB MCP server",
   "fidelity": "partial",
   "losses": "Demosaiced with default settings: raw sensor data and editing latitude are lost.",
   "url": "https://openformatdb.org/convert/",
   "engine": "imagemagick",
   "via": "digital-negative-file-format-family"
  }
 ],
 "samples": [],
 "claims": [],
 "verification": []
}